Methods and techniques for processing information through models that can be likened to knowledge functioning and cognitive processes specific to humans, which can be realized through sensors, algorithms, application software, etc. Theycan be classified into: shape, image, handwriting and human voice recognitionmethods; expert systems; neural networks; and robotics applications. Expert systems and neural networks represent particular techniques that emulate the decision-making processes proper to experts and the learning capabilities of humans; they therefore use “knowledge bases” (representing evolution of Databases, See) and historical cases already learned in memory, which can be used to support the solution processes proper to new problems in the domain of expertise. In the railroad field, one can cite developments and experiments in the field of diagnostics, image recognition (e.g., PL crossing), support for command/control center operators, voice recognition procedures.
Today, it can be said that of the Equipment, Applications and Systems employ AI, when they have high performance, thanks to features called the “5 AI Factors” (allor in part) listed below, today simply usable in the market both industrial production and public professional and even, even, craft and hobby:
1st AI Factor – Increasingly powerful Performance Computers are employed and available due to very advanced Chips (CPU, Central Processing Unit, ultra powerful: DPU, Data PU; GPU, Graphic PU; NPU, Neural PU; TPU, Tension PU;…);
2nd AI Factor – If using Internet, Browsers, Sites and Devices, as well as TLC Architectures and Networks, increasingly powerful, fast and available (e.g. 5G, 5.5G, 5.5G FAW, Satellite Networks, Cloud, Fog, Edge, IoT, b-l-IoT…);
3rd AI Factor – If you take advantage of Big Storage and Big Data, which are increasingly large, powerful, and available;
4th AI Factor – If you take advantage of Digitization of data and information, which are increasingly large, powerful and available;
5th AI Factor – If you develop software with Programming LanguagesandAalgorithms, which are increasingly flexible, parametric, performance and available (e.g., Python).
The added value of products with AI is of at least two kinds:
1.Increased importance and value of the corporate Brand;
2.Economic-functional, in that the realization with “5 Factor AI” techniques can be higher performance than those developed with conventionaltechniques and, at the same time, with lower production costs.
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