Control of trains

Regulatory Activity. Circulation regulation. It essentially consists of the ability to foresee circulation conflicts (Forecasting), adopt strategies for optimizing circulation or resolving conflicts themselves (determining intersections and precedence), in particular coordinating single-track traffic cases, the use of interruptions and different abnormal events. The regulation of the railway circulation consists therefore in regulating and regulating all circulation operations such as train spacing, precedence, intersections, maneuvers, etc., with the aim of ensuring regularity in the running of the trains. This function, with the specific constraints in relation to the different technical characteristics of the line (train spacing systems, etc.), also requires the setting of a basic exercise program, which can be modified, in relation to the actual performance of the service ( performing unexpected trains, suppression of trains, delays, etc.). The regulation of the circulation in line can be decentralized or centralized. The decentralized regulation coincides with the Local Management system (DL); centralized regulation, with Central Management regimes (DC) and Operational Central Management (DCO). A significant regulation problem, in particular on high density lines, concerns the management of Interruptions, especially in the case of disturbed traffic, having to comply with both the obligation to safeguard the time schedule and the need to ensure the interventions of online maintenance, which in extreme cases must be suppressed and rescheduled. In addition to the lines, the regulation problem extends to railway nodes and large plants. See automation systems for rail traffic. In this context the term “regulation” therefore only concerns the problem of regularity; in cases where the operator also intervenes directly in the activation of the Devices, the term “command and control” is more relevant, in which the “control” function in practice includes the regulation activity (see for example CCL) . The original meaning of “control” in CTC, whose Anglo-Saxon term (control) includes “command” activity, is different. The Control can therefore include a direct intervention on the operation of the institutions or express only a decisional and informative activity, having in any case the same purpose