European Rail Traffic Management System. In summary, ERTMS is realized through ETCS (European Train Control System) and GSM-R, as well as the EVC on-board equipment. ETCS is the operational part according to the TSI Technical Specifications for Interoperability related to Control, Command and Signalling Systems (CCS) which include so-called Class A computerized electronic equipment; it can also include other equipment not directly interfaceable, called Class B, but that become connectable through ad hoc interfaces: GEA and STM. The following can also be defined: ERTMS for HS lines; ERTMS superimposed on lines with traditional signalling (ERTMSs); ERTMS for node traffic areas (ERTMS HD); ERTMS for low traffic lines, not superimposed on existing signalling and therefore pure (ERTMSp or ERTMS Regional).
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